These are easily identified and transferred from source to recipient plants to improve them. Synthetic insecticides, agronomic practices, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria and natural plant products have been evaluated as components of pest management in chickpea. Experimental techniques in hostplant resistance springerlink. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. There is a research on modelling the effects of host plant resistance on plant disease epidemics. Then all degrees of resistance may exist from absolute, i. Those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or. Host resistance may be considered as the most valuable form of control. Mushongi a, jagger harvey c, d, james wainaina c, immaculate wanjuki c, robert ngeno c, ross darnell e, benoit g. Plantfeeding insects and other herbivores can cause massive damage to crops. Small rnas from the plant pathogenic fungus sclerotinia. Understanding the impact of management strategies and relevant spatial scales on western corn rootworm resistance to cry3bb1, coy ray st. Host plant resistance should form the backbone of pest management in sorghum. Role of elicitors in inducing resistance in plants against.
Nonhost resistance, shown by a whole plant species against a specific parasite or pathogen, is the most common form of resistance in plants towards the majority of potential pathogens 7. From the herbivores perspective, however, a resistant host plant is a plant that reduces the fitness of the herbivore. For example, plant resistance to insects is compatible with insecticide use, while biological control is not. Gene reagan, bill white, waseem akbar, harry rukovina and ed richard plot plan us 029010 3 rows hocp 91552 2 rows us 079027 2 rows us 089003 ho 06563 hocp 05961 l0757 hocp 05902 hocp 85845 ho 07604 ho 07612 us 089001 ho 06537. Hostplant resistance in pest management request pdf.
Traits conferring host plant resistance hpr to insects and pathogens are among the most important for crop improvement. Using southern australia as a case study, we argue for a new approach where the concept of rigid management strategies is abandoned in favor of landscape changes, host plant resistance, ecological. It is considerable progress has been made in identification and utilization of crop germplasm for resistance to insect pests smith, 2005. Integrating biological control and host plant resistance. Hostplant resistance and chemical control of chilo partellus swinhoe and busseola fusca fuller in an integrated pest management system. This leads to simple segregation between fully sus ceptible and fully resistant plants in. Immunization systemic acquired resistance host plant resistance a physiological deviation from the normal functioning of the organism i. Mainly from ferris et al 1992 beyond pesticides biological approaches to management in california, based on material from p.
Of several control measures available, host plant resistance has been a strong choice for economical and effective management of plant diseases. Pdf host plant resistance and insect pest management in. Introductory to host plant resistance linkedin slideshare. Host plant resistance importance disease resistance. Host plant resistance a physiological deviation from the normal functioning of the organism i. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any. Elias abstract source of complete resistance is known, and current fusarium head blight fhb, caused by fusarium graminearum sources provide only partial resistance. It originated and was domesticated in the neotropics renvoize, 1973. We will therefore focus on the use of nmr to study host plant resistance to thrips. Plants can sense being touched, 1 and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Efforts are also underway to utilize molecular techniques to increase the levels of resistance to pod borer. Due to low annual production output of soybean grains in nigeria which was attributed to insect pests infestation, six soybean genotypes were screened for major insect pests resistance in the national root crops research institute nrcri, umudike.
Types and mechanisms of host plant resistance to insect. Resistance to insects in heterozygous crops such as maize is often quantitatively inherited so that effects of single resistance genes or factors are hard to identify. Potential of using host plant resistance, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for reduction of aspergillus. Unlike most phytophagous insects, the reproduction ofprimary bark beetles coleop. Host plant resistance and reduced rates and frequencies of fungicide application to control potato late blight cooperative trial quad state group 2002. Introduction theemeraldashborereab, agrilusplanipennis fairmairecoleoptera. Lecture 16 host plant resistance definition types and. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of hostplant resistance in pest management. Plant resistance has been found and incorporated mainly to the highlyspecialized parasitic nematodes such as globodera, heterodera, meloidogyne, rotylenchulus, tylenchulus, and ditylenchus. Host plant definition is a plant upon which an organism such as an insect or mildew lodges and subsists.
An ecofriendly approach for pest management and environment conservation article pdf available in journal of environmental biology 232. Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same. However, the central link of host plant finding, thought. If it causes direct damage, then is it a sucker, chewer or borer. Host plant resistance is considered to be the key to integrated pest management as this approach is environment friendly provides cumulative protection against insect pests and is often compatible with other pest management. As an integrated pest management tactic, hostplant resistance entails the intentional use of resistant crop varieties, alone or in combination with other tactics, to reduce the impact of herbivores on crop yield or quality. Of central importance to this relationship is the aphid. Although crop yields and effectiveness of insect control vary among bt hybrids and transgenic technologies, bt plants generally are very effective for controlling. How should plant resistance to herbivores be measured. That is, resistance in plants that evolved with an insect could be susceptible to being overcome by genetic changes in the insect pest. An important germplasm base to identify, validate and deploy improved maize varieties with genetic resistance against faw in africa and asia. While the focus is on the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca reference is also made to other economically important stem borer species. Pesticides are often inadequate to control these herbivores, and can also have major environmental costs. Escape absence of infestation or injury to host plant due to transitory process like incomplete infestation.
An overview of nmrbased metabolomics to identify secondary. The plant genome abstract original research genomewide. Monogenic and polygenic resistance many plant characteristics are controlled by single genes. Hostspecific resistance involves interactions between specific host and pathogen genotypes, which give a pathogen racespecific resistance. Genomewide association mapping is effective for finding insect resistance loci. Microbes are passively distributed from plant to plant. The rapid response of plant breeders to the formation of new aphid biotypes requires detailed knowledge on the mechanism of host. Host plant resistance for insect control in some important. Although crop yields and effectiveness of insect control vary among bt hybrids and transgenic technologies, bt plants generally are very effective for controlling target insects especially european corn borer. Plant resistance to insect pests has advantages over other direct control tactics. It is considerable progress has been made in identification and utilization of crop germplasm for. Induced resistance increase in resistance temporarily as a result of some changed conditions of plants or environment such as change in the amount of water or nutrient status of soil c.
Host plant resistance to fall armyworm home food and. Host plant resistance and conservation of genetic diversity. Impact of host plant health and host plant resistance on aphis glycines hemiptera. Plant resistance to insects is not density dependent, whereas biological control is. Amongst various methods host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest management, further. This is rellected in the relatively recent release ofseveral insectresistant varieties and breeding. Host plant resistance and insect pest management progress and potentialg. Probably a greater problem as genetically engineered plants become more common, as these are monogenic. Pdf influence of genotype on the expression of host plant.
Host resistance is a tier ii assay that may be used to detect the influence of xenobiotics on the host response to bacterial listeria monocytogenes and streptococcus pneumonia, parasitic plasmodium yoelli, viral influenza a2, and tumor b16f10 melanoma pathogens. As an integrated pest management tactic, hostplant resistance entails the intentional use of resistant crop varieties, alone or in combination with other tactics, to. During the natural host pathogen interaction process, some pathogens have evolved to parasitize large number of hosts while others have remained specific to certain hosts and developed pathotypes and races that are specific to cultivars within a host. The purpose of this project is to investigate host plant resistance as a means of controlling insects and other crop pests. Breeding plants or animals for resistance to insects is really just another form of biological pest control. A plant is considered as resistant when the number of nematodes able to develop to female is reduced compared with a control. A keen appreciation of the types and mechanisms of resistance must be attained in order to fully understand and utilize resistant cultivars as effective tools in todays pest management schemes. Insect resistance has also been introduced into several. During the natural hostpathogen interaction process, some pathogens have evolved to parasitize large number of hosts while others have remained specific to certain hosts and developed pathotypes and races that are specific to cultivars within a host. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest. The pest can be categorized according to whether it causes. A historical account of plant resistance terminology is presented.
Department of entomology university ofcalifornia riverside. For a microbe to cause disease, it needs to come into direct contact with its host plant, and often with a speci. The following chapters focus on research identifying. This leads to simple segregation between fully sus ceptible and fully resistant plants in host populations. Sources, mechanisms, and utility in conventional breeding systems j. Berryman department ofentomology, washington state university, pullman, washington 99164 usa abstract. The broad coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insectplant interactions, host plant selection, components of resistance, the biochemical basis for resistance, mechanisms of resistance, factors affecting expression of resistance, screening techniques for resistance, the role of insect. Incorporating hostplant resistance into soybean aphid. Sugarcane host plant resistance to stem borers insect nursery beaumont, tx 2009 cooperators. Among these multiple technologies, host plant resistance is regarded as a fundamental component to stabilise an ipm system teetes 1996. Plant defense against herbivory or host plant resistance hpr describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.
Soybean aphid host plant resistance is needed to reduce damage from soybean aphid. Rather than finding insects to attack the pests, breeders look for genetic traits or combinations of traits that reduce an organisms susceptibility to attack or injury by its insect pests. Entomology theses and dissertations entomology iowa state. Of several control measures available, hostplant resistance has been a strong choice for economical and effective management of plant diseases.
Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant and hence a reduction of disease, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage. Host plant resistance development of ecourse for b. Evaluation for whitefly resistance cassava is a perennial shrub grown throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Please view the pdf by using the full text pdf link under view to the left. Jun 08, 2016 host plant resistance to insect is a conventional approaches and phenomenon of interrelationship between host plants and affected by environmental factors. Over the past five decades, a large proportion of the world sorghum germplasm collection has been evaluated for resistance to insect pests, and a number of lines with resistance to.
Induced resistance, or resistance triggered by prior herbivore attack, has a number of potential uses in crop protection that are only now beginning to be explored. Pdf influence of genotype on the expression of host. Potential of using host plant resistance, nitrogen and. The role of host plant resistance in insect pest mis. Hostplant resistance in pest management sciencedirect. Host plant resistance for insect control in some important crop plants. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. Host plant selection by insects is often divided into host plant finding. Introduction host plant resistance is a plant that possess special features or characteristic that enable the plant to protect itself from any pest that attack it especially insects or microbes. Host plant resistance to insect is a conventional approaches and phenomenon of interrelationship between host plants and affected by environmental factors. Pdf host plant resistance and reduced rates and frequencies.
Resistance is more evident in plant than animal hosts, the exception being trypanosomiasistolerant cattle in africa. Host plant resistance hpr against nematodes rev 103019 sources. Generally an issue with singlegene monogenic resistance, which is the most common form of resistance produced by plant breeders. The implication is that insects with a longterm association with a host plant species have the genetic plasticity to overcome defense strategies of the host plant. We found single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with soybean aphid resistance for multiple aphid biotypes. Plant resistance to several fungal pathogens relies on the recognition of a single fungal effector by a plant resistance protein in a geneforgene manner fenton et al. Host plant resistance and chemical control of chilo partellus swinhoe and busseola fusca fuller in an integrated pest management system on grain sorghum.
The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any skill in application techniques, and there is no cash investment by the resource poor farmers. Host plant definition of host plant by merriamwebster. There is probably no crop into which pathogen resistance has not been widely introduced using genes obtained from the international ex situ germplasmcollections. Abstract host plant resistance to insecls pri is an underutilized pest management strategy in vegetable production. Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways.
417 418 669 1338 601 340 674 1539 1324 1254 1063 652 38 1010 1358 234 1045 855 11 171 629 718 484 257 257 1053 698 399 185 1437 769 1535 1073 1365 128 148 545 824 1466 702 1398 177 702 847 287 1136